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Flavobacterium psychrophilum
''Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' is a psychrophilic, gram-negative bacterial rod (3-5 µm in length), belonging to the Bacteriodetes. It is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (CWD) and was first isolated in 1948 during a die-off in the salmonid ''Oncorhychus kisutch''.〔Starliper, C. E. (2011). Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Advanced Research, 2(2), 97-108.〕
==Characteristics==
''Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' is a gram-negative bacteria ranging in size of 0.75-1.0 µm wide by 3-5 µm long. It is found in cold, fresh waters with an optimal growth temperature below 16C.〔Hesami, S., Metcalf, D. S., Lumsden, J. S., & MacInnes, J. I. (2011). Identification of Cold-Temperature-Regulated Genes in Flavobacterium psychrophilum . Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(5), 1593–1600. doi:10.1128/AEM.01717-10〕 When grown on Cytophaga Agar, ''F. psychrophilum'' produces bright yellow colonies with thin spreading margins not greater than 3mm in diameter.〔 Motility is achieved by gliding, movement that does not involve the use of pili or flagella.〔 The bacterium is positive for gelatin hydrolysis, albumin digestion, tributyrin digestion, tributyrin hydrolysis, ''E.coli'' cell autolysis, and casein hydrolysis.〔 On its fish host, the pathogen can be found on external and internal sites such as skin/mucus, gills, brain, ascites, lesions, mucus, kidney, spleen, and reproductive excretions of spawning adults.〔Barnes, M. E., & Brown, M. L. (2011). A review of Flavobacterium psychrophilum biology, clinical signs, and bacterial cold water disease prevention and treatment. Open Fish Science Journal, 4, 40-48.〕 Colonization is evident by faint, white areas on the host.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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